We discuss five new papers over the last year that have shown that IBF can be used to: 1. increase the sensitivity of MALDI for proteins, peptides and synthetic polymers by up to 100x, literally as it increases reproducibility (3 to 20 x), 2. that can increase the sensitivity of SIMS for RDX and cocaine by 100 to 1000x and drugs by DART Accu TOF MS by factors of 10 to 100x., 3 that one can measure/verify the volume of liquids (nLs) dispensed in real time and 4. that IBF can be used to fly liquids directly into instruments like TOF’s and other instruments....like ICP’s yielding 100% sample introduction efficiency. We also show that IBF is useful for more mundane tasks like depositing liquids for TLC, preparing standards, dispensing drugs, agents of other liquids into or onto targets (humans/animals/plants, microtiter plates or spectroscopy sample cells) using handheld devices (e.g., the nanoLiter Cool Wave SyringeŽ or Pipette) or in msec timeframes using robotic platforms. We presente other unique IBF attributes like making charged polymers. Finally, we discuss why this is important, green and of significant interest to labs and chemists of all types.
We discuss other mundane IBF topics e.g., dispensing statistics, to more exciting aspects of IBF, like electric field enhanced synthetic polymer MALDI. We also show even newer IBF applications to LC/MALDI, SIMS applications to sampling humans in forensics applications on blood, serum and samples (evidence.).
We show how IBF can morph syringes, pipettes, pumps & LC’s into non-touch handheld dispensers or highly parallel sample prep devices. We address practical issues across the macro, micro and nano regimes like evaporation after Maxwell, electrochemistry after Adams/Bard, particles, viscosity, surfaces, joule heating, environmental factors and non ideal consideration in micro/nanofluidics briefly.
Finally, we discuss calibration techniques, quality control of IBF devices in various applications, answer questions and discuss future possibilities of IBF... like leadiing labs worldwide into the Green nanoliter world.
Nanoliters: From Sample Preparation To Instrument Introduction. Applications To Proteins, Peptides, Synthetic Polymers, NCB Agents, Explosives, Pollutants, Evidence, Drugs & More via IBF
(Note: This outline is abbreviated for our 4 hour Pittcon course.)
Why nanoliters and IBF?
Economics, health, aesthetics and practicality
Do new tasks, most important
Traditional/non-traditional fluidic devices considered
Limitations of pipettes, syringes, mechanical systems
IBF history described
Studying ESI w/Agilent, Affymax and Chem Space.
Traditional microfluidics
Traditional microfluidics constrasted to ESI
ESI contrasted to IBF
Other liquid movement approaches addressed and contrasted, e.g., inkjets, piezo, chips
Example IBF Applications with Video
Simple useful functions, parallel dispensing, parallel LC/MALDI sample placement, million fold dilution, e-spotting, TLC, etc.
NCB sample handling benefits.
DNA/RNA prep. Samples fly to humans for dispensing medication. Others.
Gas & liquid phase matter movement.
Laminar flow, capillary action, adhesion and cohesion,
Other very common approaches to mass transport.
IBF and Mass Spectrometers {ions, gasses, liquids}
Forces considered-contrasted. Liquid trajectories calculated?
Explaining energy of flying nanoliters in one application
Simple explanation of IBF in a capillary
Simple explanation of IBF flying liquids to humans, parallel IBF dispensing other examples
Instrumentation
Liquid transport specification (Simple or complex task.)
Plumbing, manifold or chip considerations
Energy sources Electrokinetic
Pneumatic, peristaltic, ultrasonic, other for hybrid systems
Detection
Robotic considerations
Interface/s
Morphing your devices into the nanoliter regime
Other aspects
Traditional microfluidics presented, discussed, contrasted by Dr. Mitch Johnson, ca. 45 min.
Polymer Sample Preparation Observations in recent paper.
Overview
IBF polymer devices
IBF polymer MALDI
Videos of MALDI polymer drying. E field enhanced MALDI, new paper.
Measuring charge and volume, new paper of polymers.
IBF and polymers.
IBF Practical Issues
Consideration of practical issues in liquid transport, across the macro and nano regimes.
Evaporation after Maxwell
Electrochemistry after Adams/Bard.
Particles
Viscosity
Surfaces
Joule heating
Environmental factors
Non ideal consideration in nanofluidics briefly considered
Calibration
Approaches
Photoshop/Paintshop Pro demo
Calibration software demo
Accuracy and precision estimates for various modes/devices
Newer approaches
Discussion and cautions. Straight-forward comparisons
Other IBF based liquid movement techniques, outside the box. As time allows.
Nanoliter-sicles, making frozen charged spheres of liquid/s
Writing the word "picoliters" with pLs and IBF. The picoliter regime
The New Nanoliter/Microliter syringe (Patent Pending.)
Printing with monolithic LC columns for MALDI sample preparation
More morphing syringe pumps, peristaltic and other pumps into the
nanoliter regime
Passive/active focusing.
Summary.
Why and where having the ability to manipulate nanoliters easily has merit
Why having the ability to manipulate nanoliters by you at your facility has value
Competitive techniques
Questions and answers
Manipulating nanoliters affords new, simple, very useful and practical capabilities and an interesting future we predict. |
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